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1 allow
v разрешать, позволять, дать разрешение: to allow smb to do smth — позволять кому-либо делать что-либо; to allow smth (doing smth) — разрешать что-либо (1). В пассивном залоге глагол to allow может употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием:Students are not allowed to smoke (smoking) here.
В отличие от русского в пассивной форме глагол allow не употребляется с безличным подлежащим it. Русскомуздесь не разрешается курить/запрещается курить (купаться, лежать на траве и т. п.)
соответствуютSmoking (swimming, etc.) is not allowed
или личная формаYou are not allowed to smoke.
You are allowed 40 kg of luggage free of charge или Only 40 kg of luggage are allowed free of charge — На билет разрешается бесплатный провоз 40 кг багажа.
(2). Пассивная форма глагола to allow — to be allowed to do smth — употребляется как эквивалент модального глагола may, can в значении разрешать, позволять. В группах перфектных форм и формах будущего всех временных групп употребляется только форма to be allowed:Doing what has not been allowed embarrassed the child — Ребенок робел, зная, что делает непозволенное.
I am sure this will not be allowed — Я уверен, этого нам не разрешат.
(3). Русское вежливое обращение Разрешите? может передаваться несколькими способами: а) разрешите (поухаживать за вами, помочь вам снять пальто и т. п.)? — Allow me to help you with your coat/May I help you with your coat?; б) разрешите? (вам помочь) — May I (help you)?/Let me help you; в) разрешите (пройти) — Excuse me/Will you let me pass? (4). See enable, v. (5). See advise, v (1), (2).
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